content theories include all of the following theories except: content theories include all of the following theories except:

In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. b. Freud studies mainly "sick" people. b) People with a high need for power are drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). As we increasingly satisfy our existence needs, we direct energy toward relatedness needs. e) inducements. b) ERG McClellands other power seeker is the social power seeker. Hygiene Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. a) Specific goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are no goals or vague or very general ones. First, when a need has been energized, we are motivated to satisfy it. Round to the nearest cent. Previously, most organizations attended primarily to hygiene factors. Automation has eliminated many such jobs, but they are still numerous. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? Accounting and Finance Political Theory (PLH-1) Criminal Law - II (0303) Masters of Business Administration export import (1723) Bsc Nursing (BNurs2011) Bachelors of Business Administration in Finance & Investment Analysis (BBA1) MBA (33A) Contract (140) MBA (CRIM) Bachler of art (eli) English (BCA302) Mechanical Engineering (BE MECH) Trending He refers to these factors as satisfiers to reflect their ability to provide satisfying experiences. Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). For example, our need for water takes precedence over our need for social interaction (this is also called prepotency). What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). a) reducing work inputs. e) expectancy or instrumentality or valence equals zero, d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments. a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. a. B) an individual's intensity, direction and persistence. a) Motivator factors are related to job content. the consequences of an individual's behavior. Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? Match each vocabulary term to its definition. c) The theory does not account for regression. social, esteem, and self-actualization. (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. According to Bhattacharya, a company needs to first define what it does and its long-term purpose, and then reconcile its sustainability goals with its economic goals. e) Frederick Herzberg. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development The individual level does not impact the group level. Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. a) ERG theory a) The theory may be method bound. e) the consequences of an individual's behavior, b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. ______________ is classified as a content theory. 3. d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. To master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. That means that the employer should help employees satisfy lower-order needs like safety and security and social needs. Self-determination theory (SDT) seeks to explain not only what causes motivation, but also how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivation.17 In SDT, extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain some valued outcome, while intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself. In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. e) relatedness factors. They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. How? e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. Hygiene needs, on the other hand, must be met to avoid dissatisfaction (but do not necessarily provide satisfaction or motivation).15. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior esteem, social, and Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. d) Interactional justice Of the three needs studied by McClelland, nAch has the greatest impact. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. But not all companies battle such low engagement rates. An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. c) Esteem Although the New Yorkbased company is still growing, as of October 2017 Bombas had donated more than four million pairs of socks (Bombas 2017). c) an employee's responsibility to teach their managers of personal need profiles required for success in different jobs To put things in order. Therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically. Once satisfied, challenging jobs, additional responsibilities, and prestigious job titles can help employees satisfy higher-order esteem needs. c) When a person will react to specific management styles b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. To take precautionary measures. a) 23 b) self esteem Theory choice. c) Its essence is that perceived inequity is a motivating state. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. c. mainly by accident. To avoid humiliation. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. Maslows theory is still popular among practicing managers. Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Jobs that are best performed alone are more appropriate for low-nAff employees, who are less likely to be frustrated. 48. Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. You can think of content theories of motivation as focusing on WHAT will motivate us. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. a) Existence They actively seek out performance feedback. Abeka speech for every day review quiz 1 Flashcards. Multiple Choice Quiz. behavioral. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date c) more than one need may be activated at the same time On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. e. Carl Jung. According to Roy's Adaptation Model, the adaptive modes includes all the following, EXCEPT: A. Physiologic Needs B. Self Concept C. Role Function D. Interdependence E. Achievement Answer Key 4. b. integrative. Are CCC and DDD mutually exclusive? Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. d) affiliation. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth d) goals that are easily stated in objective terms. This book uses the These are expectations for Mintzberg's interpersonal role of ____. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. Content theories of work motivation include all of the following except the _____ theory. c.) relatedness The StackCommerce 2023 Travel Giveaway (the "Promotion") begins at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Time ("PT") on March 1st, 2023 and ends at 11:59:00 PM PT on March 31st, 2023 (the "Promotion Period"). b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. To oppose forcefully or punish another. Give examples. To form and further an erotic relationship. a) only one need may be activated at the same time As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. d) Higher-order c) affiliation Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. c. contingency. 54. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. e) inducements, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by selecting people with proper abilities, training them well, providing them the needed resources, and identifying clear performance goals. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. a) achievement a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. The diversity of the living world is staggering. d) interactional justice SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. b) self esteem The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. d) 28 b. Adherence and familiarity with only one theory. b) Social If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. e) relatedness. Exhibit 14.6 shows how Maslows theory relates to factors that organizations can influence. How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee c) Relatedness McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. b) only two needs may be activated at the same time e) Organizational justice, According to expectancy theory, the value the individual attaches to various work outcomes is known as __________. d) Safety Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). Then find the difference between the amount of savings interest and certificate of deposit interest. Do you study at Liberty University? 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. To accomplish something difficult. a. losing one's family b. shame c. arrest d. losing a job, All of the . Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. Maintaining good relationships with their coworkers is important to them, so they go to great lengths to make the work group succeed because they fear rejection. c. two-factor theory. Maslow was a psychologist who, based on his early research with primates (monkeys), observations of patients, and discussions with employees in organizations, theorized that human needs are arranged hierarchically. e) subconscious goals and conscious goals are not linked, a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals, ________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation. d) valences In 2016, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) launched a pilot program called Jump in which employees participated in challenges on ways to save water and electricity, as well as other sustainability issues. To have ones needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. To have sexual intercourse. e) organizational justice, ___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy. If the MARR is 20%, which pump should be selected? Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo Barton, Tynan. c) David McClelland a) Positive inequity Need-based theories describe motivated behavior as individual efforts to meet needs. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. and you must attribute OpenStax. That is, SDT posits that extrinsic rewards not only do not provide intrinsic motivation, they diminish it. c) Do your best a. C) an effort toward creating goals. Identify important outcomes. d) Cells are made up of similar shapes, colors, and sizes. Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. So what motivates employees to give their all, work creatively, and be fully engaged? Many needs are learned. stick to one leadership style. Matching b. Verifiability c . d) esteem. a. Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." e) ERG, 68. In the case of extrinsic motivation, we endeavor to acquire something that satisfies a lower-order need. Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). insight therapies a. Job context factors include all of the following except. b) instrumentalities A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. c) affiliation High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. A disaster may be domestic or international b. All of the following are content theories EXCEPT: a. operant conditioning b. SDT theory c. ERG theory d. Motivator/Hygiene theory e. Maslow's theory Jan 21 2022 | 05:07 AM | Solved Glenna Pfannerstill Verified Expert 7 Votes 1013 Answers The third of McClellands learned needs, the need for power (nPow), is the need to control things, especially other people. To admire and support a superior. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. Strengthening flexible lines of defense According to Rogers' theory "continuous and mutual interaction between man and environment' is termed as: Integrality Which is NOT a concept related to Faye Abdellah's theory? e) base wage or salary. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better, b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior, 62. d.) self-actualization e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. To please and win affection of a coveted object. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Once satisfied, employees will be motivated to build esteem and respect through their work achievements. d) It is more effective in non-United States cultures. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. d. Ken Wilbur. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Question 8. How does this pay structure relate to self-determination theory (SDT)? To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. b) Equity McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. According to Maslow, Sharon is driven by which these needs? First, managers should address the hygiene factors. e) ERG theory focuses on the consequences of an individual's behavior, whereas Maslow's theory does not. The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. e) less than two needs must be activated at the same time, c) more than one need may be activated at the same time, Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? Workers also took the opportunity to clean lighting fixtures, change bulbs, and repair platform edges while performing high-intensity station cleaning. a) Distributive justice b) Physiological To praise, honor, or eulogize. The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. c) top-down goals. Thus, an employee can be dissatisfied with low pay. a) Lower-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. d) Motivation-hygiene theory When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. a) achievement c) Expectancy A. Hierarchy-of-needs B.Two-factor motivation C. Achievement motivation D. Equit y The text focuses on three content theories that have received the greatest amount of attention: the hierarchy-of-needs theory, the two-factor motivation theory, and the achievement motivation theory. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. Why or why not? Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. b) Esteem In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. Forming humanistic-altruistic value system . 55. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Many organizations manage the achievement needs of their employees poorly. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. d) Clayton Alderfer a. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: Could we detect that need from her current behavior? 52. c) leaving the situation. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. Identify situational conditions. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. Why or why not? If the dollar decreases in value in contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. a.) Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters.