A Jewish legend records how Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai, who found himself trapped in Jerusalem during the Roman siege, realized the temple was going to be destroyed. During the era of the Second Temple, when the Ark was hidden underground, the High Priest would offer the incense of Yom Kippur in the Holy of Holies without the presence of the Ark, and rest the shovel holding the burning coals and incense upon the foundation stone, (middle, bottom picture). [11] In Josephus and elsewhere in ancient sources, the Greek word temenos is used to describe the sacred precinct containing a temple. Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days? No one was permitted to enter it except the high priest, and that only once a year. There was a tabernacle prepared, the outer one, in which there was the lampstand, the table, and the sacred bread. An embroidered flap of the breastplate folded behind forming a pouch wherein the high priest kept the divinatory instruments (the Urim and Thummim), representing the means of inquiring and receiving the will of the Lord. The interior was covered with plates of beaten gold. Josephus, "Ant." Entry to the Holy of Holies was only permitted to the High Priest while officiating during the service on Yom Kippur, when he was dressed in white garments. The most solemn yearly festival celebrated at the temple was the Day of Atonement described in Leviticus 16. Thus, while the Essenes passionately believed in the temple, they did not participate in its rituals in Jerusalem. Scholars have noted that this was one of the largest sacred precincts in the ancient world. Around the birth . What Was the Holy of Holies?. The anointing oil was used to anoint the Mishkan and its vessels. Josephus, a first-century AD Jewish writer, recounted that Pompey, the conquering general, made it a point to enter into the Holy of Holies of the temple and was amazed to see that the rumors of there being no image to the god of Israel were true. The section farthest from the entrance, designated also as the "debir" (the "oracle" "the most holy place," I Kings vi. [25] As quoted in Jonathan Klawans, Purity, Sacrifice, and the Temple: Symbolism and Supersessionism in the Study of Ancient Judaism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 205. Hebrews 89 portrays Jesus as the high priest and explains his act of reconciliation between God and humans in terms of the ritual of the Day of Atonement when the high priest would take the blood of the sacrifice into the Holy of Holies and sprinkle it on the mercy seat, thereby reconciling God and his children (Leviticus 16). As a part of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, the Holy of Holies was situated somewhere on Temple Mount; its precise location in the Mount being a matter of dispute, with some classical Jewish sources identifying its location with the Foundation Stone, which sits under the Dome of the Rock. The Kaporet was made entirely of one piece of pure gold - including the Cherubim on the top. ii. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On this tapestry was portrayed a panorama of the heavens, the signs of the Zodiac excepted (Jewish War 5.213). He dreamed a dream of angels ascending and descending a ladder which stretched from the earth to the heavens, and, upon wakening, declared, "How awesome is this place! This adds an additional level of superlativity; the only matching examples of the prior set are "God of gods" and "Song of songs.". Based on passages of scripture in the writings of Paul like Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you (1 Corinthians 3:16), and For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens (2 Corinthians 5:1). There was no light inside the chamber other than the glow . Herods temple was one of the wonders of the ancient worlda beautiful building and a marvel of engineering. As Jesus had prophesied, the temple was burned and destroyed, leaving a pile of rubble. The new structure is sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple, but is still called Second Temple as rituals and sacrifices continued. The room known as the Holy of Holies was the innermost and most sacred area of the ancient tabernacle of Moses and temple of Jerusalem. The seriousness of the offense of Gentiles crossing the barrier is dramatized by the story in Acts where Paul was falsely accused of bringing non-Jews past this enclosure and the mob attempted to kill him (Acts 21:2732). This goat, known as the scapegoat, would be sent into the wilderness. 32, xxxvi. The ciborium, a permanent canopy over the altar in some churches, once surrounded by curtains at points in the liturgy, symbolizes the Holy of Holies. The Septuagint calls it "debir" or "dabir" in Greek, which means "the back part of the sanctuary." And the Latin Vulgate calls it "oraculum," meaning "the innermost part of the sanctuary. A wide-angle view of the "Foundation Stone" inside the Dome of the Rock. It was twice as large as Trajans Forum in Rome and three-and-a-half times more extensive than the combined temples of Jupiter and Astarte-Venus at Baalbek. It was also a central place for fasting, prayer, and singing hymns. This form is also used more broadly in Catholic tradition with reference to sanctuaries other than the Temple in Jerusalem. To the north of the mount was the Roman Antonia Fortress, and to the west and south was the city of Jerusalem. [21] The last mention of the ark is from the time of Josiah (2 Chronicles 35:1). 25:10-16 ). In 168 BC the Jews, led by members of the family known as the Maccabees, revolted, and against overwhelming odds defeated the Seleucids (1 Maccabees 1:644:35). [8] A reputable English translation of the Mishnah can be found in Herbert Danby, The Mishnah (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1933). Every Ethiopian Orthodox church has one, and it is covered with a Curtain. The temple had a function for each of these festivals. [22] Philo, On the Special Laws 1.69. With time Pharisaic Judaism was able to promote institutions that continued worship in the absence of the sacrificial system of the temple. L. Waterman -. In this way, the wing tip of one Cherub touched the northern wall of the Holy of Holies and the tip of the second wing touched the wing tip of the other Cherub. The Crusaders associated the Holy of Holies with the Well of Souls, which is located under the Foundation Stone of the Dome of the Rock. The Gospel of John records that Jesus cleansed the temple at the outset of his ministry as a symbol that he came in power and with authority, and Jesus used this occasion to teach of his eventual death and resurrection from the dead (John 2:1325). [24] For example, the emperor Caligula (AD 3741) demanded his statue be erected and worshipped in the temple courtyards resulting in a widespread Jewish revolt. 29; Num. Various commentaries describe the appearance of the Cherubim. The temple proper was built in a year and a half and the surrounding porticos and courtyards in eight years (Antiquities 15.42021). viii. [19], According to the ancient apocryphal Lives of the Prophets, after the death of Zechariah ben Jehoiada, the priests of the Temple could no more, as before, see the apparitions of the angels of the Lord, nor could make divinations with the Ephod, nor give responses from the Debir.[20]. The Vulgate also refers to the Holy of Holies with the plural form Sancta sanctorum (2 Chr 5:7), arguably a synecdoche referring to the holy objects hosted there. [8] While there is no archaeological evidence of the temple proper, there are many architectural and archaeological evidences of the Temple Mount, including several important inscriptions.[9]. (Source: Kings I 7,23-28). 33; A. V. "the holy sanctuary"), is known as the "Holy of Holies" par excellence. At the top of each branch was a cup filled with olive oil that functioned as a lamp. This is none other than the house of G-d, and this is the gate of heaven." They preserved an ancient tradition in their version of the Torah called the Samaritan Pentateuch that commanded the temple be built on Mount Gerizim. 2a, 16a; Sheb. The dimensions of the Ark relate to the middle, wooden box - two and one half cubits long, one and one half cubits wide and one and one half cubits high. [2] The Israelite temples were unique in that they had no image of their deity. vi. They believe the site is where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac, and some claim that this is the 'Holy of Holies' because when God created the world, light first shone here. Only the high priest could enter this area, and then only one time per year, to make atonement for the sins of Israel ( Exodus 30:10 ). Toggle In church scriptures subsection With its destruction came the loss of the center of their religion, and Judaism would have to develop ways of worship to replace or compensate for the rituals and ordinancesmost notably sacrifice and the celebration of the festivalsthat could formerly be done only at the temple. Herod (reigned from ca. The Ark rested in the center of the Holy of Holies, and on both sides of the Ark were poles used for carrying. And it was here where many believe the Most Holy Place of the "House of the LORD" stoodthe place where the Ark of the Covenant satthe earthly throne of God Almighty. The Holy of Holies is the most sanctified place in the Mikdash. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. The main ritual of the Saint Thomas Christians is the Qurbana.[24]. The Holy of Holies was the inner sanctuary within the Tabernacle and Temple in Jerusalem when Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple were standing. [1] According to Deuteronomy 12, after the temple was built all sacrifices were to be done only at the Jerusalem temple. Usually the reader can tell from the context which meaning is intended. This signified that the Torah would accompany the Children of Israel wherever they went. 22, iv. In this way the Ark was covered in gold "on the inside and on the outside." . While serving in the temple, the priests wore special clothing consisting of pantaloons, a white robe, an embroidered belt, and a round hat. The inner room or cell of the sanctuary, termed also the "midash ha-odesh" (Lev. 1920s: In the courtyard of Her. The painting on the bottom right portrays the journey of the Ark of the Covenant from the home of Avinadav to Jerusalem. The cherubim were an integral part of this cover, hewn from the same piece of gold. In addition, the high priest wore four additional vestments (Exodus 28:343). 11, 3; "B. J." v. 5, 4). 3; II Chron. v. 55; Yoma v. 2). Inside the Ark of the Covenant, the two tablets of the commandments were stored. The Holy of Holies was quite empty. 14a; "Yad," l.c. Most scholars believe that the Qumran community reflected in the Dead Sea Scrolls were the Essenes (see chapter 7). [17] Temple worship consisted of a complex series of sacrifices and offerings that could only be offered at the temple. The temple is a central feature in the Gospel narratives of the life and ministry of Jesus. the beauty of the LORD'S house of worship . 51). Seventh-Day Adventism (SDA) believes that the Holy of Holies on Earth was a copy of the true tabernacle in heaven,[25] and this view can also be seen in other Christian denominations. Closest to the Ark we see Uzzah, who attempted to catch the Ark as it began to fall and he himself was then stricken down. During the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah) John records that Jesus taught in the porch of Solomon (John 10:22). [1][2] Other Jewish scholars argue that contemporary reports would place the Temple to the north or to the east of the current Dome of the Rock. When the temple was destroyed, the Sadducees lost the foundation of their livelihood and their base of power among the people. To add an RSC website shortcut to your home screen, open the website in the Safari browser. The Holy of Holies no longer contained the Ark of the Covenant. [27] For a report of the excavations of the alleged temple site on Mount Gerizim see Yitzhak Magen, Bells, Pendants, Snakes and Stones, Biblical Archaeology Review 36/6 (Nov/Dec 2010): 2635. Thus, the name "Most Holy Place" was used to refer to the "Holy of Holies" in many English documents. Early depictions on coins and in synagogues depict four columns with two on each side. That part of the Tabernacle and of the Temple which was regarded as possessing the utmost degree of holiness (or inaccessibility), and into which none but the High Priestand he only once during the year, on the Day of Atonementwas permitted to enter (see Atonement, Day of). viii. The inner measurement of the Holy of Holies was twenty cubits squared. 966 BC (1 Kings 59 and 2 Chronicles 24) on the top of a hill that was was traditionally considered to be the site of Mount Moriah, where Abraham nearly sacrificed his son Isaac (2 Chronicles 3:1; Genesis 22:2). In the Holy Place there were three furnishings: the table for the bread of the presence (shewbread), the seven-branched lampstand or menorah, and the incense altar. Ezekiel has a vision of the future temple complete with the plans in Ezekiel 4048. A ramp led to the top of the altar that had horns at the four corners. iv. Get this stock video and more royalty-free footage. Thus the name of the Ark was the Ark of the Covenant or the Ark of the Testimony. It contained the Ark of the Covenant (Ex. Eventually the sect of the Pharisees transitioned into rabbinic Judaism, which became mainstream Judaism to the present day. The Holy of Holies (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans} Qe haqQm or Kodesh HaKodashim; also haDr, 'the Sanctuary') is a term in the Hebrew Bible that refers to the inner sanctuary of the Tabernacle, where God's presence appeared. Josephus, who was an eyewitness of the temple, reported, The exterior of the building lacked nothing that could astound either mind or eye. See the accounts in Philo, Embassy to Gaius 188, 198348; Josephus, Antiquities 18.261309; Jewish War 2.184203). 12). In the center of the Holy of Holies stood the foundation stone upon which the Ark rested. In this prophecy Jesus also quoted the prophecy of Daniel of the abomination of desolation connected with the destruction of Jerusalem and the desecration of the temple, and he advised those who wished to be preserved to stand in the holy place and flee into the mountains (Joseph SmithMatthew 1:1213; compare Matthew 24:1516). Through oral law they would be able to forge religious practices that could survive without the temple. Because the Ark of the Covenant had been lost years before, Herod's temple had no furnishings in the Holy of Holies, although it is possible a stone held the place of the ark. The Holy of Holies was the inner sanctuary within the Tabernacle and Temple in Jerusalem when Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple were standing. New Studies in Biblical Theology (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004). [20] Leon Yarden, The Tree of Light (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971), 35. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. The red veil covers the inner altar or the main altar. In addition to the burnt offering, the sin offering and trespass offering were connected with the offering of blood for atonement from sin and ritual impurity (Leviticus 17:11). But when Jesus died, that "curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom" ( Matt. The Kaporet was a rectangular tablet of gold, one and one half cubits by two and one half cubits, which was placed on top of the Ark. Still, this was the holiest place from of old, and it was treated as such. (Source: Numbers 16, 16-26), In the First Temple, King Solomon built large Cherubim made of Shemen wood and overlaid them with gold. The Holy of Holies (Kodesh HaKodashim in Hebrew), as its name implies, was the most sacred part of the entire Temple.Entry was forbidden except on Yom Kippur, when the high priest entered the inner sanctuary.. Its dimensions were 20 cubits long, 20 cubits wide and 40 cubits high. The inside was in total darkness and contained the Ark of the Covenant, gilded inside and out, in which was placed the Tablets of the Covenant. In 54 bce, however, Crassus plundered the Temple treasury. [27] The age-old conflict between the Jews and Samaritans was exacerbated by the Jewish refusal to allow the Samaritans to help with the rebuilding of Zerubbaels temple in ca. From the Mt of Olives the soldier standing near Jesus could see the veil covering the Holy of Holies and see it disappear when the veil was rent in two when the lintel cracked. 34; comp. The Holy of Holies was constructed as a perfect cube. At these festivals the Jews celebrated and renewed their covenantal relationship with the Lord and expressed thanksgiving by prayer, feasting, sacrifices, and offerings. The Sadducees were the aristocratic priestly families who controlled and administrated many aspects of the temple. The Ark consisted of three boxes that fit one inside the other. While priestly traditions survived for a time in the synagogue traditions, eventually the Sadducees without a temple were eclipsed by the Pharisees. 5), and were so arranged that in order to enter the high priest had to lift them diagonally at the sides; the outer opening was at the south end, the inner at the north (Yoma v. 1). Stop at Dominus Flevit ('the Lord Wept'). [26] For a complete discussion of the relationship between prayer, study, and acts of loving-kindness and temple sacrifice, see Klawans, Purity, Sacrifice, and the Temple, 20311. The Feast of Tabernacles commemorated the wanderings in the wilderness, and the people were commanded to live for seven days in booths and to eat each day the bounty of the harvest with thanksgiving. 12, xlviii. [10] An historical review of Herods rebuilding the Second Temple can be found in Ehud Netzer, The Architecture of Herod the Great Builder (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2006), 13778; reprinted in paperback by Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2006. 27:51 ). Christians would have to decide what their proper relationship was to the templewhether they needed an actual earthly building or if Jesus had in some way done away with the need for a physical temple. [4] A collection of the extrabiblical sources for the Second Temple can be found in C. T. R. Hayward, The Jewish Temple: A Non-Biblical Sourcebook (New York: Routledge, 1996). There he made a whip and drove out those that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money-changers, and the seats of them that sold doves (Matthew 21:12; Luke 19:4547). [24] As a symbol of this balance of power under Roman rule, a daily sacrifice was offered for the welfare of the Roman emperor at the temple consisting of two lambs and an ox. The Holy Place and Holy of Holies were the same size as in Solomon's or Zerubbabel's temple. EN. This would have been 45 feet tall. They take the temple for their port as a general haven and safe refuge from the bustle of the great turmoil of life, and there they seek to find calm weather, and released from the cares whose yoke has been heavy upon them from their earliest years, to enjoy a brief breathing-space in scenes of genial cheerfulness.[22]. . Zerubbabels temple enjoyed a long period of relative tranquility from ca. Pompey arranged for the cleansing of the temple and the resumption of temple service under Roman rule (Antiquities 14.7073; see also Tacitus, Histories 5.1112).[5]. Looking West to the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives. In order to enlarge the sacred platform, Herod expanded the area of the Temple Mount to the south and west by fill and erecting a series of arched vaults. He wrote two lengthy and sometimes parallel descriptions of the temple and the Temple Mount in Antiquities 15.380425 and Jewish War 5.184247. An excellent description of the history of the Temple Mount is Oleg Grabar and Benjamin Z. Kedar, eds., Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalems Sacred Esplanade (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2010). 801-422-6975. The most common entrance for pilgrims coming to the temple were the two splendid gates in the south, called the Double Gate and the Triple Gate, that were approached by a monumental stairway. 3 mentions dimensions), the Holy of Holies was curtained off (I. Macc. Opinions vary regarding what exactly was placed inside the Ark: Some authorities maintain that the first set of tablets broken by Moses were inside the Ark, along with the second intact set, and the Torah Scroll which Moses wrote. Philo interpreted the high priestly clothing as representing the cosmos with the violet robe representing the air, the embroidered flowers the earth, and the pomegranates the water. He was taken before the military commander Vespasian, who eventually became a Roman emperor. The Gospel of Luke opens in the temple with the appearance of the angel Gabriel to the priest Zacharias as he was officiating at the incense altar in the Holy Place (Luke 1:524), and the Gospel of Luke ends with a note that the disciples of Jesus, after his ascension were continually in the temple, praising and blessing God (Luke 24:53). Herod began to build his temple in ca. Court of the Women looking West to the Nicanor Gate, Court of the Israelites, and Court of the Priests. 12; Num. From the quote above, I believe that there was probably some kind of altar in the holy of holies, but I am not sure. And in the Gospel of John Jesus is crucified on the cross on the day of Passover when the paschal lambs were being sacrificed at the temple (John 19:3137). (Our Sages have explained that the word Aron (the Ark) is related to the word Or, meaning light, for the Torah which is stored in the Ark is the source of light for the world. Passing through the veil, one entered the Holy Place. Systems of Transliteration Citation of Proper Names. 1, 6; xxxi. AD 37100)[6] and Philo (ca. Atop the Kaporet were two images of Cherubim that symbolized the relationship between the Children of Israel and their Father in Heaven. (credit giantamericanflag.com) The Ark of the Covenant: The Kaporet & Poles. The Samaritans claimed to be remnants of the northern ten tribes. Bar Kokhba was heralded as the Messiah by numerous prominent Jewish rabbis, including Akiba, and thus many Jews gathered to his rebellion. The Holy of Holies was said to be where God's presence rested and it housed the Ark of the Covenant. The Temple area was divided into various areas for study, sacrifices, libation etc. The Salt Lake Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) contains a Holy of Holies wherein the church's presidentacting as the Presiding High Priestenters to fulfill the relationship between the High Priest of Israel and God in accordance with the LDS Church's interpretation of the Book of Exodus (Exodus 25:22) and Latter-day Saint religious texts. The Holy of Holies was also called "Dvir" - because it was from the area between the two Cherubim that Moses heard G-d's word. The first covenant had regulations of divine worship and an earthly sanctuary. The tabernacle was divided into two rooms, the holy place and the most holy place (or holy of holies). On the Day of Atonement in Old Testament times, the high priest sprinkled the blood of the sacrifice on the mercy seat of the ark in order to make atonement. Acts of loving-kindness, as it is said, For I desire loving-kindness, and not sacrifice [Hosea 6:6] (Avot de-Rabbi Natan 4.21). There is a Talmudic discussion regarding the contents of the Ark, One opinion states that both the first Tablets (that were broken by Moses) as well as the second Tablets, and the Torah scroll written by Moses, were all housed in the Ark. David Rolph Seely, "The Temple of Herod," inNew Testament History, Culture, and Society: A Background to the Texts of the New Testament,ed. [4], The construction "Holy of Holies" is a translation of the Hebrew (Tiberian Hebrew: Qe haQm), which is intended to express a superlative. ; Bleek, "Einleitung," 4th ed., p. 234), indicate a gradual evolution of the notion that certain places and things partook of a higher degree of holiness than others. It provided a focal point for the Jews, both at home in Judea and dispersed across the Jewish Diaspora. The three festivals are Passover, Shavuot (Weeks/Pentecost), and Tabernacles (Booths). This space was open to Jews and Gentiles. xliii. . In God's cosmic temple there is no sin, and therefore no death. [17] For an overview of the temple and temple worship at the time of Jesus, see Alfred Edersheim, The Temple: Its Ministry and Services as They Were at the Time of Jesus (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 1997) and Randall Price, Rose Guide to the Temple (Torrance, CA: Rose Publishing, 2012); and Leen and Kathleen Ritmeyer, The Ritual of the Temple in the Time of Jesus (Jerusalem: Carta, 2002). Two of these signs have been foundone contained the entire inscription reading: No Gentile shall enter inward of the partition and barrier around the Temple, and whoever is caught shall be responsible to himself for his subsequent death.[16] Apparently temple officials were given the right to enforce this ban on foreigners in this sacred space. The dimensions of this American flag are 30' by 60', the same size as the Temple curtain. disappearance so the Holy of Holies was 3:37 empty because the Ark was not there 3:40 anymore the ark that stood upon the 3:43 stone which was the main facet of the . xxvi. iii. "Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala". Separating the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies was another veil. The Jews were eventually driven from Jerusalem and were left without a temple. The two Cherubim were made of shemen wood. The exact location of the Holy of Holies is a subject of dispute. 10); all the implements of the sanctuary (ib. According to Jewish tradition, the people prostrated themselves fully on the ground when it was said. 1 et seq. It replaced Solomon's Temple, which is presumed to have been built at the same location before its destruction by the Neo-Babylonian Empire during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem in c. 587 BCE. In the Holy of Holies, next to the Ark, a number of items were placed as testimony for future generations: a jar of Manna, a jar of anointing oil, Aharon's staff that blossomed with almond flowers, and the box that the Philistines sent when they returned the Ark to Israel. Christ will come and bless his people after cleaning the Holy of Holies in heaven (Heb 9:23).[27]. Likewise, Josephus ascribed cosmic significance to the veil at the entrance of the temple: The scarlet seemed emblematical of fire, the fine linen of the earth, the blue of the air, and the purple of the sea; the comparison in two cases being suggested by their color, and in that of the fine linen and purple by their origin, as the one is produced by the earth and the other by the sea. The ark was absent not only after Herod. Throughout his ministry Jesus came to Jerusalem each year to celebrate Passover. Orthodox Jewish visitors to the Temple Mount, who come especially from those groups associated with the Temple Institute and its efforts to rebuild a Temple, seek to conform to the minimal requirements for coming near the Temple, such as immersing in a mikvah ("collection of water"; a ritual of purification), not coming during or following menstruation or immediately following a seminal emission, not showing their back towards its presumed location, etc. Connected to the ephod was a breastplate containing twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel (Exodus 28:1528). xviii. 14). "[23], The Saint Thomas Christians (also known as Nasrani or Syrian Christians) from Kerala, South India still follow much Jewish Christian tradition. AD 63. Quotations of Philo are taken from Philo, Loeb Classical Library, translated by F. H. Colson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 193762). Saalschtz, Archologie der Hebrer. 6, 4, 5). It was this veil, leading into the Holy of Holies, that tore from the top down when Jesus was crucified ( Matthew 27:51 ).