mikhail gorbachev quizlet mikhail gorbachev quizlet

He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 and additionally as head of state beginning in 1988, as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990 and the only President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. In October 1988 Gorbachev was able to consolidate his power by his election to the chairmanship of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet (the national legislature). The "Second Gilded Age": [578] He was a skilled manager,[82] and had a good memory. Gorbachev's perestroika also[184] entailed attempts to move away from technocratic management of the economy by increasingly involving the labor force in industrial production. Moving to Stavropol, he worked for the Komsomol youth organization and, after Stalin's death, became a keen proponent of the de-Stalinization reforms of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. [603] He was also hospitalized in the Central Clinical Hospital on 9 October 2014. a. as the only war lost by the United States. d. stagnant economic growth and high inflation. c. He fired all of the air traffic controllers on strike. Mikhail Gorbachev: [69] Gorbachev was among those who saw themselves as "genuine Marxists" or "genuine Leninists" in contrast to what they regarded as the perversions of Stalin. e. The destruction of Viet Kong in Vietnam. Studying at Moscow State University, he married fellow student Raisa Titarenko in 1953 and received his law degree in 1955. All of the following people are former British prime ministers, except: According to the Unit, one of the biggest threats to global security in the early 21st century is: [309] He then met with Reagan and President-elect George H. W. Bush, following which he rushed home, skipping a planned visit to Cuba, to deal with the Armenian earthquake. b. breaking off diplomatic relations with Pakistan. [116] His daughter, Irina, married fellow student Anatoly Virgansky in April 1978. O n the day when I learned of the passing of George Bush, I . [59] In this position, he visited villages in the area and tried to improve the lives of their inhabitants; he established a discussion circle in Gorkaya Balka village to help its peasant residents gain social contacts. [356] Yeltsin was elected the parliament's chair, something Gorbachev was unhappy about. But the Communist hard-liners who had replaced reformers in the government proved undependable allies, and Gorbachev and his family were briefly held under house arrest from August 19 to 21, 1991, during a short-lived coup by the hard-liners. in China, authoritarian rule by the Communist Party persisted. [178] The Soviet Union was behind the United States in many areas of production,[179] but Gorbachev claimed that it would accelerate industrial output to match that of the U.S. by 2000. [583] He was sensitive to personal criticism and easily took offense. [419] Two days later, he resigned as its general secretary and called on the Central Committee to dissolve. In 1952, he traveled to Moscow to earn his degree in law. e. They said women could already pursue a career outside the home thanks to job training programs. [82], Gorbachev was baptized Russian Orthodox and when he was growing up, his grandparents had been practicing Christians. a. the CIA and FBI had engaged in abusive actions. At that time, Boris Yeltsin was president of Russia. The proceedings were televised, and for the first time since the 1920s, voting was not unanimous. a. [337][338][339], In the Revolutions of 1989, most of the MarxistLeninist states of Central and Eastern Europe held multi-party elections resulting in regime change. d. After Carter refused the deposed shah entry for medical treatment in the United States, his exiled internal security force invaded the U.S. Embassy in Teheran and took American hostages. The United States was not yet willing to sign arms-control treaties with the Soviet Union. [50] On 25 September 1953 he and Raisa registered their marriage at Sokolniki Registry Office;[50] and in October moved in together at the Lenin Hills dormitory. [290] The West German Chancellor, Helmut Kohl, had initially offended Gorbachev by comparing him to Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels, although he later informally apologized and in October 1988 visited Moscow. Under Gorbachevs policy of perestroika (restructuring), the first modest attempts to democratize the Soviet political system were undertaken; multicandidate contests and the secret ballot were introduced in some elections to party and government posts. Gorbachev biographer William Taubman, 2017[641], Gorbachev's negotiations with the U.S. helped bring an end to the Cold War and reduced the threat of nuclear conflict. By Kurt M. Campbell. e. Carter's bold boycott of the Moscow Olympics in protest over the invasion of Afghanistan dramatically improved his chances at reelection. (HAZMAT. [448] He and Raisa initially lived in their dilapidated dacha on Rublevskoe Shosse, and were also allowed to privatize their smaller apartment on Kosygin Street. By the summer of 1990 he had agreed to the reunification of East with West Germany and even assented to the prospect of that reunified nations becoming a member of the Soviet Unions longtime enemy, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Ultimately, the Politburo arrived at a unanimous decision to express disapproval of Andreyeva's letter and publish a rebuttal in Pravda. b. improved medical care. The two reforms most commonly associated with him are glasnost and perestroika. Taubman also noted that the former Soviet leader has a "sense of self-importance and self-righteousness" as well as a "need for attention and admiration" which grated on some of his colleagues. [241], In January 1987, Gorbachev attended a Central Committee plenum where he talked about perestroika and democratization while criticizing widespread corruption. [426] En route home, he traveled to France where he stayed with Mitterrand at the latter's home near Bayonne. a. [532] However, as Gooding noted, the changes that Gorbachev proposed were "expressed wholly within the terms of Marxist-Leninist ideology". [259] Gorbachev also announced that Soviet Jews wishing to migrate to Israel would be allowed to do so, something previously prohibited. [481] In June 2002, he participated in a meeting with Putin, who praised the venture, suggesting that a center-left party could be good for Russia and that he would be open to working with it. [494] After protests broke out in Moscow over the election, Gorbachev praised the protesters. [125] Gorbachev concentrated his attentions on agriculture: the harvests of 1979, 1980, and 1981 were all poor, due largely to weather conditions,[126] and the country had to import increasing quantities of grain. 1885-1991. d. cofounder of the National Organization of Women (NOW). [14] This farm was 19 kilometres (12mi) outside Privolnoye village and when he was three years old, Gorbachev left his parental home and moved into the kolkhoz with his maternal grandparents. [130] At times he openly supported the government position; in October 1980 he for instance endorsed Soviet calls for Poland's MarxistLeninist government to crack down on growing internal dissent in that country. [107] Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures including the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin,[108] and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov. [325] Independence sentiment was also rising in the Baltic states; the Supreme Soviets of the Estonian, Lithuanian, and Latvian Soviet Socialist Republics declared their economic "autonomy" from the Soviet central government and introduced measures to restrict Russian immigration. c. was reviled by Reagan for his unwillingness to negotiate arms reduction. [41] In 1952, he was appointed a full member of the Communist Party. What contradiction did the Reagan presidency reveal about modern conservatism? [353] A new 18-member Presidential Council de facto replaced the Politburo. 12. [49] That summer, he returned to Privolnoye to work with his father on the harvest; the money earned allowed him to pay for a wedding. He returned to school, attending the Agricultural Institute, to prepare himself to handle these issues. [550], By 1955, his hair was thinning,[552] and by the late 1960s he was bald,[553] revealing a distinctive port-wine stain on the top of his head. d. Carter's approval ratings in 1980 had fallen lower than Nixon's at the time of his resignation. [394] Hardliners were urging Gorbachev to disband the presidential council and arrest vocal liberals in the media. e. resulted in a rise in economic inequality. c. Republicans brought more women into public office than any other party, but actively legislated for men's rights. . [641] His decision to allow the Eastern Bloc to break apart prevented significant bloodshed in Central and Eastern Europe; as Taubman noted, this meant that the "Soviet Empire" ended in a far more peaceful manner than the British Empire several decades before. [213] Yeltsin then resigned both as Moscow party secretary and as a member of the Politburo. [507][508] In December 2014, he said that both sides in the war in Donbas "have been violating the terms of the ceasefire; both sides are guilty of using dangerous types of weapons and violating human rights",[509] adding that Minsk agreements "form the basis for the settlement" of the conflict. Since coming to power in 1999, Putin has been taking a hard line that resulted in a near-complete reversal of Gorbachev's reforms. In 2014, he defended the Crimean status referendum and Russia's annexation of Crimea that began the Russo-Ukrainian war. Strobe Talbott Sunday, August 1, 2004. Review of Jack F. Matlock Jr.'s book, Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended. Tuesday, August 7, 2018. [592] He also thought that by 1990, when his domestic popularity was waning, Gorbachev had become "psychologically dependent on being lionized abroad", a trait for which he was criticized in the Soviet Union. [205] Gorbachev saw glasnost as a necessary measure to ensure perestroika by alerting the Soviet populace to the nature of the country's problems in the hope that they would support his efforts to fix them. To this end, he called for rapid technological modernization and increased worker productivity, and he tried to make the cumbersome Soviet bureaucracy more efficient and responsive. When these superficial changes failed to yield tangible results, Gorbachev in 198788 proceeded to initiate deeper reforms of the Soviet economic and political system. [299] In April 1987, Gorbachev discussed the issue with U.S. Secretary of State George P. Shultz in Moscow; he agreed to eliminate the Soviets' SS-23 rockets and allow U.S. inspectors to visit Soviet military facilities to ensure compliance. [233], In January 1986, Gorbachev publicly proposed a three-stage programme for abolishing the world's nuclear weapons by the end of the 20th century. [240] He made clear his desire for Soviet membership of the Asian Development Bank and for greater ties to Pacific countries, especially China and Japan. [664], In 2002, Gorbachev was awarded the Charles V Prize by the European Academy of Yuste Foundation. [430] The referendum in Ukraine on 1 December with a 90% turnout for secession from the Union was a fatal blow; Gorbachev had expected Ukrainians to reject independence. b. He had risen rapidly since 1985, attaining the role of party secretary in Moscow. c. mutually assured destruction. [111] In 1972, he visited Belgium and the Netherlands, and in 1973 West Germany. [293] Gorbachev's relationships with these West European leaders were typically far warmer than those he had with their Eastern Bloc counterparts. [196] However, bootleg liquor production rose considerably,[197] and the reform imposed large costs on the Soviet economy, resulting in losses of up to US$100billion between 1985 and 1990. [157] Although not a well-known figure to the Soviet public, there was widespread relief that the new leader was not elderly and ailing. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mikhail Gorbachev's parents gave him this name, but at the insistence of his mother, a devout Orthodox Christian, he was given a secret baptism, where his grandfather named him Mikhail, Wife of Gorbachev, Gorbachev came from this Krai of the USSR; in 1970, Gorbachev succeeded Leonid Yefremov as First Secretary of this region's . [222] He thought that the "socialist camp" of MarxistLeninist governed statesthe Eastern Bloc countries, North Korea, Vietnam, and Cubawere a drain on the Soviet economy, receiving a far greater amount of goods from the Soviet Union than they collectively gave in return. [412] The coup leaders demanded that Gorbachev formally declare a state of emergency in the country, but he refused. [579] A hard worker or workaholic,[580] as general secretary, he would rise at 7:00 or 8:00 in the morning and not go to bed until 1:00 or 2:00. [388] Gorbachev described the plan as "modern socialism" rather than a return to capitalism but had many doubts about it. Soviet Union and the United States were seeking cutting the number of nuclear weapons, with the Soviets seeking to halve the number of nuclear-equipped bombers and missiles, and the U.S. desiring to ensure that neither side gained a first-strike advantage, and to protect rights to have defensive systems. [547] Taubman noted that by 1989 or 1990, Gorbachev had transformed into a social democrat. Gorbachev was enthusiastic about the appointment. d. The impressive military action convinced communist China to approach the United States. What percentage of Soviet GNP was spent of military supplies. [231] The duo's wives also met and spent time together at the summit. d. George McGovern's apartment. [416] Gorbachev feared that the coup plotters would order him killed, so had his guards barricade his dacha. Gorbachev was named a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1971, and he was appointed a party secretary of agriculture in 1978. e. as a result of the U.S. invasion of Cambodia. was the challenge from United States President Ronald Reagan to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to destroy the Berlin Wall. What was Gorbachev's stance on International Relations? b. was a Mondale-Ferraro 1984 campaign slogan slamming Reagan's coddling of the rich. [80], In March 1961, Gorbachev became First Secretary of the regional Komsomol,[81] in which position he went out of his way to appoint women as city and district leaders. a. The removal of the wall that separated East and West Germany in November 1989. c. expanded Jimmy Carter's policy of human rights. [355], In the 1990 elections for the Russian Supreme Soviet, the Communist Party faced challengers from an alliance of liberalisers known as "Democratic Russia"; the latter did particularly well in urban centers.